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Articles of Association: The Internal Constitution of a Company

Articles of Association: The Internal Constitution of a Company I. Introduction The Articles of Association constitute one of the most fundamental documents in corporate law, serving as the internal constitution of a company. While statutes and corporate codes define the general framework within which companies must operate, the Articles delineate the specific rules, rights, and responsibilities that govern the relationship between the company, its shareholders, and its directors. They provide the blueprint for how decisions Read more

By Tsvety, ago

The Right of First Offer 101: A Legal and Commercial Overview

The Right of First Offer: A Legal and Commercial Overview I. Introduction What is the Right of First Offer? In the realm of commercial transactions, especially those concerning real estate, joint ventures, and corporate investments, parties often seek mechanisms to safeguard their interests when ownership of an asset is subject to transfer. Among such mechanisms is the Right of First Offer (ROFO)—a contractual clause that grants a party the opportunity to negotiate for the purchase Read more

By Tsvety, ago

Marriage Annulment 101: Legal Foundations and Consequences

Marriage Annulment: Legal Foundations and Consequences What is Marriage Annulment? Marriage is widely regarded as a binding legal and social contract that carries with it both rights and responsibilities. However, in certain circumstances, the law recognizes that a marriage may be fundamentally flawed from its inception, warranting not merely a dissolution through divorce but a declaration that the marriage was void or voidable from the very beginning. This process is known as annulment. Unlike divorce, Read more

By Tsvety, ago

Repudiation of a Contract: Big Legal Foundations and Consequences

I. Introduction What is a repudiation of a contract? Contracts are the backbone of modern legal and commercial life. They represent not only an exchange of promises but also the foundation of trust between parties. Yet, circumstances sometimes arise in which one party demonstrates, through words or conduct, that it no longer intends to honor its obligations. This phenomenon, known as repudiation of a contract, is one of the most significant breaches of contractual duty, Read more

By Tsvety, ago

Overdue Payment – a Legal Exploration

Overdue Payment in the Legal Aspect I. Introduction An overdue payment—also known as a late payment or default in payment—occurs when a debtor fails to pay the agreed sum within the contractual or statutory timeframe. While such delays are often perceived as mere inconveniences, in the legal sphere they carry defined consequences, procedural remedies, and potential liabilities. The legal treatment of overdue payments varies across jurisdictions but is generally rooted in the principles of contract Read more

By Tsvety, ago

Non-Compete Clauses Under Fire: Will FTC v. Meta Kill Them for Good?

Non-Compete Clauses Under Fire: Will FTC v. Meta Kill Them for Good? Introduction What is FTC v. Meta all about? Non-compete clauses—those contractual restraints preventing employees from joining competitors or pursuing ventures post-employment—have long served as legal tools for employers to protect trade secrets and investments in human capital. Yet, from a public policy perspective, their proliferation across industries has raised significant concerns about labor market competition, wage suppression, and innovation bottlenecks. The U.S. Federal Read more

By Tsvety, ago

Texas’s SB4 and the ‘Right to Arrest’: Testing the Limits of State Immigration Enforcement

In December 2023, the Legislature of Texas enacted Senate Bill 4 (SB4), a statute authorizing state and local law enforcement to arrest individuals suspected of illegally entering Texas — a domain traditionally reserved to the federal government. The law simultaneously empowers judges to issue de facto deportation orders, thereby testing the constitutional boundary between state autonomy and federal supremacy in immigration enforcement. This essay examines SB 4’s provisions, legal challenges, implications for federalism and civil Read more

By Tsvety, ago

Writing an Effective Privacy Policy for Your Website

Writing an Effective Privacy Policy for Your Website In the contemporary digital landscape, privacy has emerged as both a legal requirement and a trust-building mechanism. A privacy policy is not a mere bureaucratic formality—it is a public declaration of how a website collects, uses, shares, and protects the personal data of its visitors. Whether operating a small personal blog or a multinational e-commerce platform, the creation of an effective privacy policy is essential to legal Read more

By Tsvety, ago

Emergency Clause in Contract Law: Legal Significance, Function, and Comparative Perspectives

Emergency Clause in Contract Law: Legal Significance, Function, and Comparative Perspectives I. Introduction Contract law, as a dynamic domain of private law, is shaped not only by abstract legal principles such as pacta sunt servanda (agreements must be kept), but also by mechanisms that accommodate unexpected disruptions. Among these mechanisms, the emergency clause serves as a pivotal legal tool. It allows contractual parties to adapt to exceptional circumstances that were unforeseen at the time of Read more

By Tsvety, ago