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Comparative Law · Free
How Does the Law Work in Other Countries?
One map for every legal system in the world, and a growing set of free tools to compare them: courts, codes, citations, bar admission for foreign lawyers, and the legal ideas that do not translate.
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- Mixed: civil and common law
- Religious (Islamic) law is a leading source
- Customary law is a leading source
The Legal Families Atlas
Click any country on the world map to see how its legal system works, in plain English: where the law comes from, how the courts are organised, and how a lawyer qualifies. Every system sits in one of a few big families, and knowing the family tells you a great deal.
The Comparative Law Toolkit
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Complete Courses
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Contract Law is free to try in full. Every other course is $15 on its own, or included with All-Access.
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Foundations of Law

The Legal Consequences of Brexit: Retained EU Law, Assimilated Law, and Legal Continuity

The Sources of English Law: Legislation, Common Law, Equity, and Custom

The Doctrine of Judicial Precedent in England and Wales: Ratio Decidendi and Obiter Dicta

The Development of Equity: The Court of Chancery and the Fusion of Legal Remedies

The Legal System of England and Wales: Structure, Sources, and Fundamental Principles

Formal Logic for Lawyers: How to Build, Test, and Challenge Legal Arguments

What Is a Statute? A Complete Guide to Statutes, Their Structure, Authority, and Place in the Legal System

How to Read and Understand a Law: A Practical Guide to Reading Statutes
Foundations of Government
Constitutional Law

Freedom of Expression, Privacy, and Article 10 and Article 8 Balancing in English Law

The European Convention on Human Rights and the Relationship Between Strasbourg and Domestic Courts

The Human Rights Act 1998: Convention Rights and Their Application in Domestic Courts

Devolution and the Constitutional Position of Wales: The Senedd and Welsh Legislation

The Royal Prerogative: Executive Powers, Constitutional Limits, and Judicial Review

The Separation of Powers in the UK Constitution: Parliament, Government and the Judiciary

The Rule of Law in England and Wales: Constitutional Meaning and Judicial Protection

Parliamentary Sovereignty in Modern British Constitutional Law
A Growing Library
Criminal Law

Vagueness in Criminal Statutes

Criminal Records and Their Legal Consequences

Expungement and Sealing of Criminal Records

Mandatory Minimum Sentences in Criminal Law

Sentencing in Criminal Law

Retribution, Deterrence, Rehabilitation, and Incapacitation

Disorderly Conduct

Assault in Criminal Law
Agreements & Obligations
Contract Law

Exclusion and Limitation Clauses in English Contract Law: Unfair Contract Terms, the UCTA 1977 and the Consumer Rights Act 2015

Breach of Contract in English Law: Conditions, Warranties, and Innominate Terms

Misrepresentation in English Law: Fraudulent, Negligent, and Innocent Misrepresentation

Consideration and Promissory Estoppel in English Law: The Foundations of Enforceability

Clickwrap, Browsewrap, and Sign-in-Wrap Agreements

Electronic Contracts and Electronic Signatures

Illegality and Public Policy in Contract Law

Novation vs. Assignment in Contract Law
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