What Did President Putin Do to Serve More Than Two Terms? — A Legal and Constitutional Analysis Introduction Vladimir Putin has been a defining figure in Russian politics for more than two decades. Legally speaking, his longevity in office raises significant questions about constitutional engineering, institutional change, and the rule Read more
Ceasefire Agreements: Legal Nature, Structure, and Contemporary Relevance Ceasefire agreements occupy a central place within the architecture of international peace and security. While often perceived as temporary pauses in hostilities, their legal nature, operational structure, and political significance extend far beyond a mere cessation of fire. In modern conflict resolution Read more
How Japan Restricts Immigration and Manages Foreigners: Legal and Policy Analysis Introduction Japan’s approach to immigration and the regulation of foreign residents is widely regarded as cautious, tightly controlled, and shaped by a tension between economic necessity and a longstanding desire for social cohesion. Although demographic pressures, such as aging Read more
The Constitutional and Statutory Powers of the U.S. Vice President The office of the Vice President of the United States occupies a unique position within the American constitutional system. It is, at once, the second-highest executive office and an integral component of the legislative branch. This dual nature—rooted in the Read more
Private Enforcement in Law I. Introduction Private enforcement represents one of the most significant and evolving mechanisms within modern legal systems, reflecting the growing emphasis on individual agency, access to justice, and efficiency in the administration of law. Traditionally, the enforcement of legal norms was perceived as a function reserved Read more
What Is a Protected Witness? I. Introduction The concept of a protected witness lies at the intersection of criminal justice, human rights, and public security. It emerges from the state’s dual obligation: on one hand, to prosecute serious crimes effectively, and on the other, to ensure that individuals who assist Read more
Disclosure Obligations in Corporate Law I. Introduction Disclosure obligations constitute one of the fundamental pillars of modern corporate governance and securities regulation. They ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness in corporate operations by mandating that corporations provide relevant and accurate information to shareholders, regulators, and the public. The rationale behind disclosure Read more
The Legal Basis of Mutual Funds I. Introduction Mutual funds occupy a central position in modern financial systems, functioning as collective investment vehicles that enable individuals and institutions to pool resources for diversified portfolio management. The legal foundations of mutual funds are of great importance, as they establish the framework Read more
Jus Cogens: The Peremptory Norms of International Law I. Introduction In the vast architecture of international law, jus cogens norms stand as its most immutable and sacred pillars. Derived from Latin, meaning “compelling law,” jus cogens refers to those fundamental principles from which no derogation is permitted. They embody the Read more