The Calvo Doctrine in Modern Investment Arbitration: Sovereign Immunity Clashes with Investor-State Dispute Settlements

The Calvo Doctrine in Modern Investment Arbitration: Sovereign Immunity Clashes with Investor-State Dispute Settlements Have you heard of the Calvo doctrine? In the realm of international investment law, two competing principles have historically guided the treatment of foreign investors: the assertion of sovereign immunity by host states and the protection Read more

The Legal Aspects of Civil Union: A Comparative and Critical Overview

The Legal Aspects of Civil Union: A Comparative and Critical Overview I. Introduction The concept of civil union emerged in response to evolving societal norms regarding personal relationships and legal recognition outside traditional marriage. Originally designed as a legal alternative to marriage—particularly for same-sex couples—civil unions now serve various purposes Read more