Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Legal Nature, Regulatory Challenges, and the Future of Financial Law

Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Legal Nature, Regulatory Challenges, and the Future of Financial Law I. Introduction: Finance Without Institutions Decentralized Finance (DeFi) represents one of the most radical transformations of economic organization since the emergence of modern banking. Traditionally, finance has been inseparable from institutional trust: banks, clearing houses, brokers, payment Read more

The Presidential Veto: Constitutional Function, Democratic Tension, and Juridical Consequences

The Presidential Veto: Constitutional Function, Democratic Tension, and Juridical Consequences I. The Veto as a Constitutional Pause To describe the presidential veto as a “pause” in the legislative process is not metaphorical ornament but constitutional precision. Modern constitutionalism assumes that the greatest danger to liberty does not arise solely from Read more

SFDR and its Effect on the Markets

I. The Purpose and Logic of the SFDR The Sustainable Finance Disclosure Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2019/2088) forms part of the European Union’s broader sustainable finance architecture, together with the EU Taxonomy Regulation and related ESG legislation. Its central objective is not to compel investors to invest sustainably, but to compel Read more

Transfer of Undertakings: Legal Concept, Employee Protection, and Contemporary Challenges

Transfer of Undertakings: Legal Concept, Employee Protection, and Contemporary Challenges I. Introduction The transfer of undertakings is a central concept in modern labor and commercial law, operating at the intersection of business restructuring and employee protection. It addresses a recurring economic reality: companies change ownership, merge, outsource operations, or reorganize Read more

Reputational Damage in the Legal Context

Reputational Damage in the Legal Context I. Introduction Reputation constitutes one of the most valuable yet fragile assets possessed by individuals, professionals, and legal entities alike. Unlike tangible property, reputation is an intangible social construct, formed through perception, trust, and accumulated conduct over time. In the legal context, reputational damage Read more

Property Protection: Legal Foundations, Mechanisms, and Contemporary Challenges

Property Protection: Legal Foundations, Mechanisms, and Contemporary Challenges I. Introduction Property protection is a cornerstone of any functioning legal order. The ability of individuals and legal entities to acquire, use, enjoy, and dispose of property without unlawful interference is essential not only for personal autonomy but also for economic stability, Read more