Theories of Complicity: When Does Association Become Criminal?RICO, Gang Laws, and the Limits of Guilt by Association Introduction The modern criminal justice system is increasingly challenged by collective behavior: organized crime, gang networks, and conspiratorial arrangements that defy clear lines of individual culpability. Central to these challenges lies a perennial Read more
Lex Informatica: Emergent Norms of Internet Governance – How Private Platforms Create De Facto Legal Standards What is Lex Informatica? In the evolving realm of cyberspace, traditional legal systems have encountered new challenges posed by the transnational and decentralized nature of the internet. In this complex domain, the concept of Read more
Is Universal Basic Income (UBI) Legally Feasible? Lessons from Global Experiments The concept of Universal Basic Income (UBI)—an unconditional, regular financial payment to all citizens regardless of employment status or income—has gained traction over the past decades. Promoted as a solution to poverty, automation-induced unemployment, and economic inequality, UBI poses Read more
The Legal Doctrine of the Reasonable Person: An Enduring Fiction in the Pursuit of Justice The legal doctrine of the reasonable person stands as a fundamental and yet paradoxical construct within Anglo-American common law. Often invoked in tort, criminal, and contract law, this notional character serves as the benchmark against Read more
The Legal Status of the Emancipated Minor: A Doctrinal Analysis In common law jurisdictions, the concept of an emancipated minor represents a legal anomaly—a legal subject who, despite not having reached the age of majority, is granted certain rights and responsibilities typically reserved for adults. Emancipation alters the conventional parent-child Read more
The Fraud Triangle as a Legal Problem: Intersections of Motive, Opportunity, and Rationalization Fraud, a deliberate act of deception intended for personal or financial gain, represents one of the most persistent and costly threats to institutions, governments, and societies. While much scholarly attention has been given to fraud from criminological, Read more
The Doctrine of Unclean Hands: A Pillar of Equity and Its Modern Relevance The legal doctrine of unclean hands—often encapsulated in the maxim “he who comes into equity must come with clean hands”—stands as a testament to the moral underpinnings of equitable jurisprudence. Though not codified in statutory law, this Read more
Laches: A Legal Concept of Equity and Temporal Justice I. Introduction The doctrine of laches is a principle of equity law rooted in the maxim “Equity aids the vigilant, not those who slumber on their rights.” Distinct from statutory limitation periods, laches is a common law defense that bars a Read more
Medical Malpractice as a Legal Problem Medical malpractice is one of the most complex legal issues in modern societies, where advancements in healthcare and legal frameworks must balance patient rights, physician responsibilities, and systemic limitations. Defined as professional negligence by a healthcare provider that leads to patient harm, medical malpractice Read more