The Law to Know

Cognitive Impairment in Law: Concept, Legal Relevance, and Doctrinal Implications

Cognitive Impairment in Law: Concept, Legal Relevance, and Doctrinal Implications I. Introduction Cognitive impairment occupies a critical and increasingly visible position within modern legal systems. As societies age, medical diagnostics improve, and awareness of mental and neurological conditions expands, courts and legislatures are confronted with complex questions concerning autonomy, responsibility, Read more

By Tsvety, 4 daysJanuary 5, 2026 ago

Theory

Types of Legal Persons

Types of Legal Persons I. Introduction: The Concept of Legal Personality Legal personality constitutes one of the foundational concepts of jurisprudence. It denotes the capacity of an entity to hold rights, assume obligations, and participate autonomously in legal relations. While natural persons acquire legal personality by virtue of birth, the Read more

By Tsvety, 2 weeksDecember 28, 2025 ago

Theory

Derogation from Grant: Concept, Application, and Legal Implications

Derogation from Grant: Concept, Application, and Legal Implications I. Introduction The principle of derogation from grant occupies an important place in the law of property, contract, and obligations. Rooted in the maxim “a grantor shall not derogate from his own grant”, it embodies the fundamental idea that one who conveys Read more

By Tsvety, 3 monthsOctober 5, 2025 ago

Criminal Law

Retributive Justice: Concept, Foundations, and Critique

Retributive Justice: Concept, Foundations, and Critique I. Introduction Justice has been one of the most contested and enduring concerns of philosophy, law, and politics. Among the various models of justice—distributive, procedural, restorative, and retributive—the retributive approach occupies a particularly prominent role in the history of legal and moral thought. Retributive Read more

By Tsvety, 3 monthsOctober 4, 2025 ago

Constitutional Law

Challenges to the Rule of Law

Challenges to the Rule of Law The rule of law is one of the cornerstones of modern democratic societies. At its core, it embodies the principle that no individual, institution, or government authority is above the law, and that laws must be applied consistently, fairly, and transparently. It provides the Read more

By Tsvety, 3 monthsOctober 1, 2025 ago

Theory

Equity and All the Ways Law Understands It

All the Ways Law Understands the Term Equity The concept of equity is one of the richest and most multifaceted terms in legal thought. Unlike technical terms that bear a single, fixed definition, equity straddles diverse fields of law—jurisprudence, private law, public law, and even comparative constitutional discourse—where it assumes Read more

By Tsvety, 3 monthsSeptember 28, 2025 ago

Criminal Law

Homicide Degrees in Criminal Law 101

Homicide Degrees in Criminal Law Homicide is one of the most severe crimes within any legal system, for it involves the unlawful killing of a human being and directly threatens the sanctity of human life. Yet, despite its gravity, the law does not treat all homicides as identical. Instead, legal Read more

By Tsvety, 4 monthsSeptember 24, 2025 ago

Criminal Law

Qualifying Circumstances in Criminal Law

Qualifying Circumstances in Criminal Law I. Introduction Criminal law seeks to maintain public order, ensure justice, and deter harmful conduct by assigning sanctions proportionate to the gravity of the offense. Yet, not all crimes of the same legal classification bear the same weight in terms of culpability. A killing committed Read more

By Tsvety, 4 monthsSeptember 19, 2025 ago

Theory

Judicial Bias: Concept, Manifestations, and Legal Implications

Judicial Bias: Concept, Manifestations, and Legal Implications I. Introduction What is judicial bias? The principle of impartiality is the cornerstone of judicial legitimacy. Courts derive their authority not only from constitutional frameworks but also from the public perception that judges are neutral arbiters of justice. When impartiality is compromised—whether in Read more

By Tsvety, 4 monthsSeptember 7, 2025 ago