Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Legal Nature, Regulatory Challenges, and the Future of Financial Law

Decentralized Finance (DeFi): Legal Nature, Regulatory Challenges, and the Future of Financial Law I. Introduction: Finance Without Institutions Decentralized Finance (DeFi) represents one of the most radical transformations of economic organization since the emergence of modern banking. Traditionally, finance has been inseparable from institutional trust: banks, clearing houses, brokers, payment Read more

Anti-Money Laundering: Legal Frameworks, Obligations, and Enforcement Dynamics

Anti-Money Laundering: Legal Frameworks, Obligations, and Enforcement Dynamics I. Introduction Anti-money laundering (AML) law has evolved into a central pillar of contemporary financial regulation. Originally conceived as a tool to combat organized crime, AML frameworks now serve broad purposes: safeguarding the integrity of financial systems, preventing corruption, disrupting terrorism financing, Read more

Counterfeit Notes as a Legal Problem

Counterfeit Notes as a Legal Problem I. Introduction Counterfeit notes—fraudulent imitations of legal tender—pose a serious legal, economic, and social challenge in modern societies. The issue is as old as money itself, but it has become increasingly sophisticated with the advent of digital printing technologies and globalized criminal networks. The Read more