Supranational Legal Orders: Concept, Structure, and Legal Significance Supranational legal orders represent one of the most profound developments in contemporary public law. They constitute legal systems in which states, by their own sovereign decision, confer binding authority upon a higher entity capable of adopting rules directly applicable to individuals, institutions, Read more
What Did President Putin Do to Serve More Than Two Terms? — A Legal and Constitutional Analysis Introduction Vladimir Putin has been a defining figure in Russian politics for more than two decades. Legally speaking, his longevity in office raises significant questions about constitutional engineering, institutional change, and the rule Read more
The Constitutional and Statutory Powers of the U.S. Vice President The office of the Vice President of the United States occupies a unique position within the American constitutional system. It is, at once, the second-highest executive office and an integral component of the legislative branch. This dual nature—rooted in the Read more
Challenges to the Rule of Law The rule of law is one of the cornerstones of modern democratic societies. At its core, it embodies the principle that no individual, institution, or government authority is above the law, and that laws must be applied consistently, fairly, and transparently. It provides the Read more
Can You Lose American Citizenship? I. Introduction American citizenship is often considered one of the most secure legal statuses in the world, conferring powerful rights such as the right to reside and work in the United States, access to protection by the U.S. government, and the right to participate in Read more
Undue Burden: A Constitutional Standard in Legal Doctrine I. Introduction The concept of undue burden is a pivotal standard in constitutional law, especially in cases that involve fundamental rights. It acts as a mediating test that enables courts to determine whether a legislative or administrative measure excessively infringes upon constitutionally Read more
Personal Union as a Type of Monarchy: An Essay on Sovereignty, Dynasticism, and Political Flexibility I. Introduction: Monarchy and the Diversity of Political Forms Monarchy, as one of the most ancient forms of government, has evolved in various ways throughout history. While most commonly associated with a single ruler governing Read more
Padilla v. Kentucky at 15: How Effective Is the ‘Affirmative Misadvice’ Standard? I. Introduction Fifteen years after the landmark decision in Padilla v. Kentucky, 559 U.S. 356 (2010), the legacy of the Supreme Court’s attempt to constitutionalize immigration advice within the ambit of the Sixth Amendment remains a subject of Read more
The Public Use Clause: From Kelo to Affordable Housing BattlesWhen “Economic Development” Justifies Condemnation I. Introduction: The Elasticity of “Public Use” The Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution, ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights, solemnly asserts that “private property [shall not] be taken for public Read more