The Insurrection Act: A Legal Analysis I. Introduction The Insurrection Act of 1807 occupies a distinctive and somewhat controversial position within the framework of United States law. It represents one of the few legal mechanisms by which the President may deploy military forces domestically to restore public order, suppress rebellion, Read more
The Legal Doctrine of Non Concurrence I. Introduction Law, as a rational system of order, constantly encounters situations where multiple rules, principles, or legal claims appear to apply simultaneously. The doctrine of non-concurrence emerges as a response to this challenge. Broadly speaking, it refers to the idea that certain rights, Read more
Legal Binding Mechanisms of International Peace Negotiations I. Introduction The maintenance of international peace and security stands as one of the principal objectives of international law. While wars and conflicts have always been intrinsic to human history, the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have seen the institutionalization of peace through international Read more
UN Charters Protecting Children’s Rights I. Introduction The protection of children’s rights has evolved into one of the most universal and morally compelling objectives of international law. Within the framework of the United Nations (UN), the safeguarding of children from exploitation, violence, neglect, and deprivation has been consistently reaffirmed as Read more
Why VPN Technology Is Illegal in Some Countries in the World I. Introduction Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology has become a fundamental instrument of modern digital life. It enables users to encrypt their internet connections, maintain privacy, and circumvent geographical restrictions imposed by websites or governments. In an age characterized Read more
Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) I. Introduction The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) represents one of the most significant milestones in the globalization of intellectual property (IP) law. Adopted in 1994 as part of the establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) under the Read more
Roman Law Precedents I. Introduction Roman law has long been regarded as one of the most influential legal systems in history. Its principles formed the foundation of many modern civil law traditions, and even common law jurisdictions have indirectly absorbed Roman concepts through medieval scholarship. Among the many features of Read more
Derogation from Grant: Concept, Application, and Legal Implications I. Introduction The principle of derogation from grant occupies an important place in the law of property, contract, and obligations. Rooted in the maxim “a grantor shall not derogate from his own grant”, it embodies the fundamental idea that one who conveys Read more
Retributive Justice: Concept, Foundations, and Critique I. Introduction Justice has been one of the most contested and enduring concerns of philosophy, law, and politics. Among the various models of justice—distributive, procedural, restorative, and retributive—the retributive approach occupies a particularly prominent role in the history of legal and moral thought. Retributive Read more